26.11.09
24.11.09
DEPARTMENTAL STORE
DEPARTMENT STORE
The definition and the role of departmental stores accross the globe in the day to day services or provision of human needs cannot be over emphasized, as it offers a varieties of merchandise and services and organised in separate departments.
A department Store can be define as a Large retail store having a wide variety of merchandise organized into customer-based departments. A department store usually sells dry goods, household items, wearing apparel, furniture, furnishings, appliances, radios, and televisions, with combined sales exceeding $10 million.
A Department Store is also seen as a Retail establishment that sells a wide variety of goods. These usually include ready-to-wear apparel and accessories, yard goods and household textiles, housewares, furniture, electrical appliances, and accessories. In addition to departments (supervised by managers and buyers) for the various categories of goods, there are departmental divisions to handle, for example, merchandising, advertising, service, accounting, and financial strategy.
A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in satisfying a wide range of the consumer's personal and residential durable goods/ product needs; and at the same time offering the consumer a choice multiple merchandise lines at variable price points, in all product categories. Department stores usually sell products including apparel,electronics,home appliances,etc, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint,hardware, toiletries, photographic equipment, cosmetics,toys,sporting materials,jewelry, Certain department stores are further classified as discount department stores.
Discount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a country or several countries.
BRIEF HISTORY OF DEPARTMENT STORE
Bainbridge (now John Lewis) Newcastle upon Tyne, is the world’s oldest Department Store, and is still known to many of its customers as Bainbridge despite the recent name change to 'John Lewis'. This much-loved Newcastle institution dates back to 1838 when Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge was aged 21 when he went into partnership with William Alder Dunn and opened a draper’s and fashion in Market Street, Newcastle. In terms of retailing history, one of the most significant facts about the Newcastle Bainbridge shop, is that as early as 1849 weekly takings were recorded by department, making it the earliest of all department stores.
This ledger survives and is kept in the John Lewis archives who bought the Bainbridge store in 1952. John Lewis retained its original name of Bainbridge until 2002, when the store was re branded as John Lewis Newcastle. That it sorted goods out into Departments in 1849, three years before Le Bon Marche in Paris did the same, there is a strong case for Bainbridges being the world's original department store.
Aristide Boucicaut founded Le Bon Marche in Paris in 1838, and by 1852 it offered a wide variety of goods in "departments" inside one building. Goods were sold at fixed prices, with guarantees allowing exchanges and refunds. By the end of the 19th century, Georges Dufayel, a French credit merchant, had served up to three million customers and was affiliated with La Samaritaine, a large French department store established in 1870 by a former Bon Marché executive.
e-SHOPPING.CON
The definition and the role of departmental stores accross the globe in the day to day services or provision of human needs cannot be over emphasized, as it offers a varieties of merchandise and services and organised in separate departments.
A department Store can be define as a Large retail store having a wide variety of merchandise organized into customer-based departments. A department store usually sells dry goods, household items, wearing apparel, furniture, furnishings, appliances, radios, and televisions, with combined sales exceeding $10 million.
A Department Store is also seen as a Retail establishment that sells a wide variety of goods. These usually include ready-to-wear apparel and accessories, yard goods and household textiles, housewares, furniture, electrical appliances, and accessories. In addition to departments (supervised by managers and buyers) for the various categories of goods, there are departmental divisions to handle, for example, merchandising, advertising, service, accounting, and financial strategy.
A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in satisfying a wide range of the consumer's personal and residential durable goods/ product needs; and at the same time offering the consumer a choice multiple merchandise lines at variable price points, in all product categories. Department stores usually sell products including apparel,electronics,home appliances,etc, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint,hardware, toiletries, photographic equipment, cosmetics,toys,sporting materials,jewelry, Certain department stores are further classified as discount department stores.
Discount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a country or several countries.
BRIEF HISTORY OF DEPARTMENT STORE
This ledger survives and is kept in the John Lewis archives who bought the Bainbridge store in 1952. John Lewis retained its original name of Bainbridge until 2002, when the store was re branded as John Lewis Newcastle. That it sorted goods out into Departments in 1849, three years before Le Bon Marche in Paris did the same, there is a strong case for Bainbridges being the world's original department store.
Aristide Boucicaut founded Le Bon Marche in Paris in 1838, and by 1852 it offered a wide variety of goods in "departments" inside one building. Goods were sold at fixed prices, with guarantees allowing exchanges and refunds. By the end of the 19th century, Georges Dufayel, a French credit merchant, had served up to three million customers and was affiliated with La Samaritaine, a large French department store established in 1870 by a former Bon Marché executive.
20.11.09
FREE WEB HOSTING
A web hosting service is a type of internet business service that allows individuals and organizations to make their own website accessible through the WORLD WIDE WEB. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own or lease for use by their clients as well as providing internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center, called collocation..
e-SHOPPING.CON
Single page hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides data base support and application development platforms.
For more information about web hosting and domain name services, chose among the website hosting companies on our site.
Service scope
The scope of hosting services varies widely. The most basic is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can beuploaded via (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with little processing. Many (ISPs) offer this service free to their subscribers. People can also obtain Web page hosting from other, alternative service providers. Personal web site hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or cheap. Business web site hosting often has a higher expense.Single page hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides data base support and application development platforms.
For more information about web hosting and domain name services, chose among the website hosting companies on our site.
19.11.09
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Electronic commerce, commonly known as (electronic marketing) e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. . Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's life cycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-retailers . Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business to business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g.commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).
Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business to consumer or B2C . This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by some companies such as Amazon.com Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.
A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-retailers . Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business to business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g.commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).
Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business to consumer or B2C . This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by some companies such as Amazon.com Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.
BETWEEN aSTORE and ONLINE SHOPPING
(aSTORE) An example of aStore is that of aSTORE an Amazon affiliate product which website owners can use to create an online store on their site. The aStore interface is intended to be accessible to those without programming skills, using configuration pages to customise the content and design.
The store does not allow website owners to sell their own products directly. Website owners pick products from Amazon's store and earn referral fees on the products purchased by their readers.
Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the internet. An online shop, eshop, e-store, internet shop, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products and services, at bricks and mortar, or in a shopping mall.
The metaphor of an online catalog is also used, by analogy with mail order catalogs.
The store does not allow website owners to sell their own products directly. Website owners pick products from Amazon's store and earn referral fees on the products purchased by their readers.
Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the internet. An online shop, eshop, e-store, internet shop, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products and services, at bricks and mortar, or in a shopping mall.
The metaphor of an online catalog is also used, by analogy with mail order catalogs.
PUBLISHER RECRUITMENT METHOD
Affiliate networks that already have several advertisers typically also have a large pool of publishers. These publishers could be potentially recruited, and there is also an increased chance that publishers in the network apply to the program on their own, without the need for recruitment efforts by the advertiser.Relevant websites that attract the same target audiences as the advertiser but without competing with it are potential affiliate partners as well. Vendors or existing customers can also become recruits if doing so makes sense and does not violate any laws or regulations.
Almost any website could be recruited as an affiliate publisher, although high-traffic websites are more likely interested in (for their own sake) low-risk cost per mille or medium-risk cost per click deals rather than higher-risk cost per action or revenue share deals.
THE CONCEPT OF AFFILIATE MARKETING- REVENUE SHARING
The concept of revenue sharing (paying commission) for referred business, predates affiliate marketing and the Internet. The translation of the revenue share principles to mainstream e-commerce business happened almost four years after the origination of the (World Wild Web) in November 199 During November 1994,(CDNOW) launched its Buy Web program. With this program CDNOW was the first non-adult website to introduce the concept of an affiliate or associate program with its idea of click through purchasing. CDNOW had the idea that music-oriented websites could review or list albums on their pages that their visitors may be interested in purchasing.
These websites could also offer a link that would take the visitor directly to CDNOW to purchase the albums. The idea for remote purchasing originally arose because of conversations with music label such as (GEFFEN RECORDS) in the fall of 1994. The management at Geffen wanted to sell its artists' CDs directly from its website, but did not want to implement this capability itself. Geffen asked CDNOW if it could design a program where CDNOW would handle the Order Fulfillment . Geffen realized that CDNOW could link directly from the artist on its website to Geffen's website, bypassing the CDNOW home page and going directly to an artist's music page.
(Amazon) launched its associate program in July 1996. Amazon associates could place banners or text links on their site for individual books, or link directly to the Amazon home page.
When visitors clicked from the associate's website through to Amazon and purchased a book, the associate received a commission. Amazon was not the first merchant to offer an affiliate program, but its program was the first to become widely-known and serve as a model for subsequent programs.
In February 2000, Amazon announced that it had been granted a patent (6,029,141) on all the essential components of an affiliate program. The patent application was submitted in June 1997, which predates most affiliate programs, but not PC Flowers & Gifts.com (October 1994), AutoWeb.com (October 1995), Kbkids.com/BrainPlay.com (January 1996), EPage (April 1996), and several others/
These websites could also offer a link that would take the visitor directly to CDNOW to purchase the albums. The idea for remote purchasing originally arose because of conversations with music label such as (GEFFEN RECORDS) in the fall of 1994. The management at Geffen wanted to sell its artists' CDs directly from its website, but did not want to implement this capability itself. Geffen asked CDNOW if it could design a program where CDNOW would handle the Order Fulfillment . Geffen realized that CDNOW could link directly from the artist on its website to Geffen's website, bypassing the CDNOW home page and going directly to an artist's music page.
(Amazon) launched its associate program in July 1996. Amazon associates could place banners or text links on their site for individual books, or link directly to the Amazon home page.
When visitors clicked from the associate's website through to Amazon and purchased a book, the associate received a commission. Amazon was not the first merchant to offer an affiliate program, but its program was the first to become widely-known and serve as a model for subsequent programs.
In February 2000, Amazon announced that it had been granted a patent (6,029,141) on all the essential components of an affiliate program. The patent application was submitted in June 1997, which predates most affiliate programs, but not PC Flowers & Gifts.com (October 1994), AutoWeb.com (October 1995), Kbkids.com/BrainPlay.com (January 1996), EPage (April 1996), and several others/
17.11.09
ONLINE SHOPPING
Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the INTERNET. An online shop, e-store, internet shop, web store, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a shopping mall.
The metaphor of an online catalog is also used, by analogy with mail order catalogs. All types of stores have retail web sites, including those that do and do not also have physical storefronts and paper catalogs. Online shopping is a type of electronic commerce used for business to business, and business to consumer transactions.
BENEFIT OF ONLINE SHOPPING:
The metaphor of an online catalog is also used, by analogy with mail order catalogs. All types of stores have retail web sites, including those that do and do not also have physical storefronts and paper catalogs. Online shopping is a type of electronic commerce used for business to business, and business to consumer transactions.
- Bargaining power of consumers. They enjoy a wider choice
- Supplier power. It is more difficult for consumers to manage a non-digital channel.
- Internet increases commodity.
- Threat of new entrants. Online means it is easier to introduce new services with lower over-heads
- Threat of substitutes
- Rivalry among competitors. It is easier to introduce products and services to different markets
INTERNET MARKETING
Internet marketing, also referred to as i-marketing, web marketing, online marketing, or e-Marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the internet. The Internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses, is a unique quality of the medium.
Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it not only refers to the Internet, e-mail, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management systems.Internet marketing also ties together creative and technical aspects, including: design, development, advertising, and sales.
Business models
Internet marketing is associated with several business models.
- E-COMMERCE: this is where goods are sold directly to consumers (B2C) or businesses (B2B)
- PUBLISHING — this is the sale of advertising.
- LEAD-based websites — this is an organization that generates value by acquiring sales leads from its website
- AFFILIATE MARKETING— this is process in which a product or service developed by one person is sold by other active seller for a share of profits. The owner of the product normally provide some marketing material (sales letter, affiliate link, tracking facility).
- LOCAL INTERNET BUSINESS- this is the process of a locally based company traditionally selling belly to belly and utilizing the Internet to find and nurture relationships, later to take those relationships offline.
There are many other business models based on the specific needs of each person or the business that launches an Internet marketing campaign.
* ONE TO ONE APPROACH:
The targeted user is typically browsing the Internet alone therefore the marketing messages can reach them personally. This approach is used in search marketing, where the advertisements are based on SEARCH ENGINE KEYWORDS ENTERED BY THE USER.
Internet marketing and geo marketing, places an emphasis on marketing that appeals to a specific interest, rather than reaching out to a broadly-defined demographic. "On- and Off-line" marketers typically segment their markets according to age group, gender, geography, and other general factors. Marketers have also the luxury of targeting by activity .
Internet marketing differs from magazine advertisements, where the goal is to appeal to the projected demographic of the periodical, but rather the advertiser has knowledge of the target audience—people who engage in certain activities (e.g., uploading pictures, contributing to blogs. so the company does not rely on the expectation that a certain group of people will be interested in its new product or service.
GEO TARGETING METHOD:
Geo targeting in internet marketing and Geo marketing are the methods of determining the geo-location -the physical location of a website visitor with geo location software, and delivering different content to that visitor based on his or her location, such as country, region/state, city, metro code/zip code, organization, (IP) address, or other criteria.
A typical example for different content by choice in geo targeting is the FedEx website at FedEx.com where users have the choice to select their country location first and are then presented with a different site or article content depending on their selection.
ADVANTAGES
* Internet marketing is relatively inexpensive when compared to the ratio of cost against the reach of the target audience. Companies can reach a wide audience for a small fraction of traditional advertising budgets. The nature of the medium allows consumers to research and purchase products and services at their own convenience. Therefore, businesses have the advantage of appealing to consumers in a medium that can bring results quickly. The strategy and overall effectiveness of marketing campaigns depend on business goals and cost volume analysis.
* Internet marketers also have the advantage of measuring statistics easily and inexpensively. Nearly all aspects of an Internet marketing campaign can be traced, measured, and tested. The advertisers can use a variety of methods: PAY PER CLICK, PAY PER IMPRESSION,PAY PER PLAY,OR PAY PER ACTION. Therefore, marketers can determine which messages or offerings are more appealing to the audience.
The results of campaigns can be measured and tracked immediately because online marketing initiatives usually require users to click on an advertisement, visit a website, and perform a targeted action. Such measurement cannot be achieved through billboard advertising, where an individual will at best be interested, then decide to obtain more information at a later time..
Internet marketing as of 2007 is growing faster than other types of media. Because exposure, response, and overall efficiency of Internet media are easier to track than traditional off-line media—through the use of WEB ANALYTIC S for instance, Internet marketing can offer a greater sense of accountability for advertisers.
15.11.09
AFFILIATE MANAGEMENT
Affiliate management and program management outsourcing
Successful affiliate programs require significant work and maintenance. Having a successful affiliate program is more difficult than when such programs were just emerging. With the exception of some markets, it is rare for an affiliate program to generate considerable revenue with poor management or no management (i.e,auto-drive)
Uncontrolled affiliate programs did, and continue to do so today i.e, aid rogue-spammers affiliates, who use false advertising "cookie cutting, and other unethical methods that have given affiliate marketing a negative reputation.
The increased number of Internet businesses and the increased number of people that trust the current technology enough to shop and do business online allows further maturation of affiliate marketing. The opportunity to generate a considerable amount of profit combined with a crowded marketplace filled with competitors of equal quality and size makes it more difficult for merchants to be noticed. In this environment, however, being noticed can yield greater rewards.
Recently, the Internet marketing industry has become more advanced. In some areas online media has been rising to the sophistication of offline media, in which advertising has been largely professional and competitive. There are significantly more requirements that merchants must meet to be successful, and those requirements are becoming too burdensome for the merchant to manage successfully.
An increasing number of merchants are seeking alternative options found in relatively new outsourced (affiliate) program management companies, which are often founded by veteran affiliate managers and network program managers . Affiliate program management companies perform affiliate program management for the merchants as a service, which is similar to that of advertising agencies promoting a brand or product as done in offline marketing.
Types of affiliate websites
Affiliate websites are often categorized by merchants (i.e., advertisers) and affiliate networks. There are currently no industry-wide accepted standards for the categorization. The following types of websites are generic, yet are commonly understood and used by affiliate marketers.- Search affiliates that utilize PAY PAY CLICK search engines to promote the advertisers' offers.
- COMPARISON SHOPPING:websites and directories
- LOYALTY websites, typically characterized by providing a reward system for purchases via points baCK.
- CRM sites that offer charitable donations
- COUPON AND REBATE websites that focus on sales promotions.
- Content and NICHE MARKET websites, including product review sites
- Personal websites (This type of website was the reason for the birth of affiliate marketing; however, such websites are almost reduced to complete irrelevance compared to the other types of affiliate websites.)
- WEB LOGS and web syndication feeds
- EMAIL: list affiliates (i.e., owners of large opt-in -mail lists that typically employ email marketing and NEWSLETTER affiliates, which are typically more content-heavy.
- Registration path or co-registration affiliates who include offers from other merchants during the registration process on their own website
- SHOPPING DIRECTORIES: that list merchants by categories without providing coupons, price, or other features based on information that changes frequently, thus requiring continual updates
- Cost per action networks (i.e., top-tier affiliates) that expose offers from the advertiser with which they are affiliated to their own network of affiliates
- Websites using ad bars (e.g. ADSENSE) to display context-sensitive, highly-relevant ads for products on the site.
Publisher recruitment
Affiliate networks that already have several advertisers typically also have a large pool of publishers. These publishers could be potentially recruited, and there is also an increased chance that publishers in the network apply to the program on their own, without the need for recruitment efforts by the advertiser.Relevant websites that attract the same target audiences as the advertiser but without competing with it are potential affiliate partners as well. Vendors or existing customers can also become recruits if doing so makes sense and does not violate any laws or regulations.
Almost any website could be recruited as an affiliate publisher, although high-traffic websites are more likely interested in (for their own sake) low-risk cost per miller or medium-risk cost per click deals rather than higher-risk cost per action or revenue share deals
Locating affiliate programs
There are three primary ways to locate affiliate programs for a target website:- AFFILIATE PROGRAM DIRECTORIES :Large affiliate networks that provide the platform for dozens or even hundreds of advertisers, and
- The target website itself. (Websites that offer an affiliate program often have a link titled "affiliate program", affiliates, referral program, in the footer of their websites.
ADVERTISING DEFINED
Advertising is a form of communication used to influence individuals to purchase products or services or ideas. Frequently it communicates a message that includes the name of the product or service and how that product or service could potentially benefit the consumer. Advertising often attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume a particular brand of product or service. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through branding, which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers. Different types of media can be used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards or direct mail. Advertising may be placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.
Organizations that spend money on advertising promoting items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement.
Money spent on advertising has increased in recent years. In 2007, spending on advertising was estimated at more than $150 billion in the United States ,and $385 billion worldwide , and the latter to exceed $450 billion by 2010.
Advertising is communication used to influence individuals to purchase products or services or support political candidates or ideas. Advertising can be displaced on billboards, newspapers, T.V., websites, movies and more.
14.11.09
INTRDUCTION TO AFFILIATE MARKETING
WHAT IS AFFILIATE MARKETING?
Affiliate marketing can be defined as an internet-based marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by such affiliates marketing efforts.
The affiliate marketing industry has four (4) core players at its heart; The merchant,The network,The publisher and The customer. The market has grown sufficiently in complexity to warrant a secondary tier of players, including Affiliate management Agencies,Super Affiliates and specialized Third parties (VENDORS).
Affiliate marketing overlaps with other internet marketing methods to some degree, because affiliates often use regular advertising methods.
SOME METHOD USED BY AFFILIATES
* ORGANIC SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
* PAID SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING
* E-MAIL MARKETING
* PUBLISHING REVIEWS OF PRODUCT AND SERVICES
Affiliate marketing-using a website to drive traffic to another- is a form of online marketing which is frequently overlooked by advertisers. While search engines,email,and website syndication capture much of the attention of online retailer.
Affiliate marketing carries a much lower profile. still,affiliates continue to play a significant role in e-retailers marketing strategies . To be continued.
Affiliate marketing can be defined as an internet-based marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by such affiliates marketing efforts.
The affiliate marketing industry has four (4) core players at its heart; The merchant,The network,The publisher and The customer. The market has grown sufficiently in complexity to warrant a secondary tier of players, including Affiliate management Agencies,Super Affiliates and specialized Third parties (VENDORS).
Affiliate marketing overlaps with other internet marketing methods to some degree, because affiliates often use regular advertising methods.
SOME METHOD USED BY AFFILIATES
* ORGANIC SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
* PAID SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING
* E-MAIL MARKETING
* PUBLISHING REVIEWS OF PRODUCT AND SERVICES
Affiliate marketing-using a website to drive traffic to another- is a form of online marketing which is frequently overlooked by advertisers. While search engines,email,and website syndication capture much of the attention of online retailer.
Affiliate marketing carries a much lower profile. still,affiliates continue to play a significant role in e-retailers marketing strategies . To be continued.
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